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Neo-Ottomanism〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Düşünmek Taraf Olmaktır )〕 Big tent | position = Centre-right to Right-wing | international = ''None'' | european = Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists | seats1_title = Parliament: | seats1 = | seats2_title = Metropolitan municipalities: | seats2 = | seats3_title = District municipalities: | seats3 = | seats5_title = Provincial councillors: | seats5 = | colours = Orange Blue | website = | country = Turkey }} The Justice and Development Party ((トルコ語:Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi)), abbreviated ''JDP'' or ''AK'' in English and ''AKP'' or ''AK Parti'' in Turkish, is a social conservative political party in Turkey. It has developed from the tradition of Islamism, but has officially abandoned this ideology in favour of "conservative democracy". The party is the largest in Turkey, and has a majority in parliament with 316 members. Its leader, Ahmet Davutoğlu, is Prime Minister, while former party leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is President. Founded in 2001 by members of a number of existing conservative parties, the party has won more seats than any other party in four general election victories in 2002, 2007, 2011 and June 2015, winning 34.3%, 46.6%, 49.8% and 40.9% respectively. The party held a majority of seats for 13 years, but lost it in the June 2015 general election, to gain it again in November 2015 snap elections. Shortly after formation, the AKP portrayed itself as a pro-Western and pro-American〔http://www.iuee.eu/pdf-dossier/12/VsjcpWMGTq1zMjSMgwnh.PDF〕 party in the Turkish political spectrum that advocates a liberal market economy including Turkish membership in the European Union. The party has been described as a "broad right-wing coalition of Islamists, reformist Islamists, conservatives, nationalists, centre-right, and pro-business groups."〔 The party has for a long time been supported by the Cemaat Movement of exiled Islamic cleric Fethullah Gülen, whose influence in the judiciary has helped to weaken the opposition against the AKP.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What you should know about Turkey's AKP-Gulen conflict )〕 Having been observer in the center-right European People's Party since 2005, it however left to join the eurosceptic Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR) on 13 November 2013.() Controversies over whether the party remains committed to secular principles enshrined in the Turkish constitution despite their Islamist origins have dominated Turkish politics since 2002 and has resulted in numerous unsuccessful closure cases. Critics have accused the AKP of having a 'hidden agenda' despite their public endorsement of secularism and the party maintains informal relations and support for the Muslim Brotherhood.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turkey: AKP's Hidden Agenda or a Different Vision of Secularism? )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The "Hidden" That Never Was )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Support for Muslim Brotherhood isolates Turkey )〕 Both the party's domestic and foreign policy has been perceived to be Pan-Islamist or Neo-Ottoman, advocating a revival of Ottoman culture often at the expense of secular republican principles, while increasing regional presence in former Ottoman territories.〔〔〔http://www.islamianaliz.com/haber/iste-akpnin-yeni-secim-sarkisi-tam-bir-osmanli-torunu-reisle-girdi-kol-kola-davutoglu-ahmet-hoca-video/13121/〕 Nationwide protests broke out against the alleged authoritarianism of the AKP in 2013, with the party's heavy-handed response receiving international condemnation and stalling the party's once championed EU accession negotiations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=EU delays Turkey membership talks after German pressure )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gezi Park protests: The AKP's battle with Turkish society )〕 Since then, the party has brought about tighter regulations on internet use, abortion and alcohol consumption, having temporarily blocked access to Twitter and YouTube in March 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turkey moves to block YouTube access after 'audio leak' )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turkey: What's Behind the AKP's New Anti-Abortion Agenda? )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AKP Wages Jihad Against Alcohol in Turkey )〕 Especially after the government corruption scandal involving several AKP ministers in 2013, the party has been increasingly accused of crony capitalism.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Tale of a Turkish Summer: Is there a Link between "Occupy Gezi" and the IMF? )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mass Murder in Soma Mine: Crony Capitalism and Fetish of Growth in Turkey )〕 The AKP favours a strong centralised leadership, having long advocated a presidential system of government and significantly reduced the number of elected local government positions in 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Presidential system tops AKP's election campaign )〕 In the presidential election of 2014, the AKP's long time leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was elected President. In the party's first extraordinary congress, former foreign minister Ahmet Davutoğlu was unanimously elected unopposed as party leader and took over as Prime Minister on 28 August 2014. == Formation == The AK Party was established by a wide range of politicians of various political parties and a number of new politicians. The core of the party was formed from the reformist faction of the Islamist Virtue Party, including people such as Abdullah Gül, Bülent Arınç, and Melih Gökçek. A second founding group consisted of members of the social conservative Motherland Party who had been close to Turgut Özal, such as Cemil Çiçek and Abdülkadir Aksu. Some members of the True Path Party, such as Hüseyin Çelik and Köksal Toptan, joined the AKP. Some members, such as Kürşad Tüzmen had nationalist or Ertuğrul Günay, had center-left backgrounds while representatives of the nascent 'Muslim left' current were largely excluded.〔http://haber.gazetevatan.com/0/122728/4/Yazarlar/73〕 In addition a large number of people joined a political party for the first time, such as Ali Babacan, Selma Aliye Kavaf, Egemen Bağış and Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu. All of these people joined Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to found the new party. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Justice and Development Party (Turkey)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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